Jiaogulan, scientifically known as Gynostemma pentaphyllum, is a perennial climbing plant native to the mountainous regions of southern China. It is often referred to as the 'herb of immortality' and is known for its robust, green leaves that have a slightly bitter taste. Jiaogulan is appreciated not only for its health benefits but also for its attractive appearance and its ability to grow and propagate quickly.
Propagation
There are various methods for propagating Jiaogulan: rhizomes, layering or division, cuttings, and seeds. Growing from seeds is unsuitable and does not guarantee that the genetic characteristics of the mother plant will be passed on to the next generation, so we will not cover it here. The other propagation methods ensure that the next generations have the exact same genetic properties as the mother plant. These methods can be continued for thousands of years, and the new generations will always have the identical properties of the original plant.
Propagation by Rhizomes
The safest propagation is achieved through rhizomes. In botany, a rhizome is a stem system that usually grows underground or just above the ground. Due to its mostly underground location and numerous sprouting roots, it is often referred to as a rootstock. Since each plant has only a few rhizomes that can be separated for propagation, this method is only suitable for limited propagation of Jiaogulan.
Propagation by Division
Another method of propagating Jiaogulan is by dividing the roots. This can be done in early spring or autumn. Carefully dig up an established plant and divide the root ball into several parts with a sharp knife. Ensure that each part has enough roots and at least one shoot. Immediately plant the divided roots in well-prepared soil and water them thoroughly.
Propagation by Cuttings
One of the most effective methods of propagating Jiaogulan is by cuttings. Cut shoots about 10-15 cm long from a healthy mother plant in late spring or early summer. Remove the lower leaves and insert the cuttings into moist seedling soil. Cover the cuttings with a clear plastic bag to increase humidity and place them in a bright but not directly sunny location. The roots should develop within two to three weeks.
Location and Soil Conditions
Jiaogulan prefers a semi-shaded location, as direct sunlight can scorch the leaves. An ideal spot in the garden receives morning sunlight and afternoon shade. The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH is optimal. To improve soil quality, compost or well-rotted manure can be worked into the soil before planting.
Care and Watering
Jiaogulan is a relatively low-maintenance plant. Consistent watering is important, especially during the growing phase. The soil should always be moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogging can lead to root rot. A mulch layer of organic material helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. During the growing season, a liquid fertilizer can be applied every four to six weeks to promote growth.
Support and Pruning
As a climbing plant, Jiaogulan needs supports such as trellises or fences. These should be sturdy and at least 1.5 to 2 meters high to provide enough space for the plant to grow. Regular pruning promotes bushy growth and prevents the plant from becoming too unruly. Prune the plant back if it becomes too long or to maintain the desired shape. The pruned parts can be used as cuttings for propagation.
Pest Control and Diseases
Jiaogulan is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, aphids, spider mites, or whiteflies can occasionally occur. These can be controlled with biological agents like neem oil or by regularly spraying with water. Ensure that the plants are not too crowded to allow good air circulation and prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew.
Harvesting and Storage
The leaves of Jiaogulan can be harvested throughout the growing season. It is best to harvest them in the morning when the essential oil content is highest. The leaves can be used fresh or dried and stored for later use. To dry, lay the leaves out in a warm, shady place until fully dried. Store the dried leaves in airtight containers to preserve their quality.
Wintering
In colder climates, Jiaogulan should be protected from frost. One option is to plant the plant in pots and bring it indoors during the winter. Alternatively, the plant can be covered with a thick layer of mulch in the garden to protect the roots from the cold. In mild climates, Jiaogulan can overwinter outdoors as long as it is protected from extreme weather conditions.
Final Thoughts
Jiaogulan is a versatile and robust plant that can thrive in many gardens with proper care and suitable conditions. Through the various propagation methods, whether by rhizomes, division, or cuttings, gardeners can easily cultivate and enjoy the plant. With its rapid growth and minimal requirements, Jiaogulan is an enriching addition to any garden.